• A&S insurance contracts are governed by Part V of the Ontario Insurance Act (and equivalent provincial statutes).
• Statutory conditions set minimum rights for the insured: notice of claim, proof of loss, the right to physical examination, and the limitation period.
• Misrepresentation at application: the insurer may void the policy during the contestability period.
• Incontestability after two years: the insurer cannot void for innocent misrepresentation after two years; fraud is always a ground.